During the monitoring period, the harvest of the main rice and maize crops was completed, and secondary rice and maize were planted in June and July.  

RADPAR was near the average, whereas temperature (TEMP +0.2℃) and precipitation (RAIN +6%) were above the 15YA. This increased the potential cumulative biomass by about 1%. The NDVI growth curve shows that the crop conditions were below average, especially in June and July, during the sowing season of the second rice crop. According to the NDVI profiles, crop conditions on 57.4% of the arable land around the country were close to average. 22.7% of cultivated areas were below average at the beginning of the monitoring period and then improved to average in May. To the contrary, NDVI dropped to below average in June and July in 19.9% of the area.  Almost all the arable land in Indonesia was cropped, and the maximum VCI value was 0.98.

Overall, the current agro-climatic indicators show favorable agro-climatic conditions in this region, especially for the growth period of main rice and maize crops. 

Regional analysis

The analysis below focuses on four agro-ecological zones, namely Sumatra (92), Java (90), the main agricultural region in the country, Kalimantan and Sulawesi (91) and West Papua (93), among which the first three are relevant for crop production. The numbers correspond to the labels on the VCIx and NDVI profile maps. The NDVI tended to be slightly below average in all areas except for Java during this monitoring period.

The Java region recorded 586 mm of RAIN (-8%), with slightly higher average TEMP at 25.2 °C (+0.4 °C) and RADPAR of 1176 MJ/m² (+3%). In agreement with the slightly above-average NDVI values observed in the second half of this monitoring period,  BIOMASS  (+1%) was also slightly higher than the 5YA and crop prospects are favorable.

Precipitation (RAIN +8%) and temperature (TEMP +0.2℃) in Kalimantan and Sulawesi were above the 15-year average. RADPAR was the same as the average for the past 15 years. BIOMASS (+1%) was slightly higher than the average. The abundant precipitation helped create favorable conditions for the planting of the second season crops. However, the NDVI growth curve shows that the overall crop conditions were below average at the end of this monitoring period. 

The Sumatra region recorded 1108mm of RAIN (14% higher than the average) and 24.8°C of TEMP (+0.2°C). But RADPAR (-3%) was below the 15-year average during this monitoring period. BIOMASS (-2%) was slightly lower than the average. NDVI was also close to, but slightly below the 5YA for most of this monitoring period. Hence, the crop conditions were normal for this monitoring period. 

Figure 3.19. Indonesia's crop condition, April - July 2019

(a) Phenology of major crops

                  (b) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI                (c) Maximum VCI

                   (d) Spatial NDVI patterns compared to 5YA                           (e) NDVI profiles

                      (f) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI (Sumatra (left) and Java (right))

                    (g) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI (Kalimantan-Sulawesi)

Table 3.29 Indonesia’s agroclimatic indicators by sub-national regions, current season's values and departure from 15YA, April - July 2020

Table 3.30 Indonesia’s agronomic indicators by sub-national regions, current season’s values and departure from 5YA, April - July 2020