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Authors: 超级管理员 | Edit: zhuliang
2.6 Western Europe
This monitoring period covers the vegetative and reproductive periods of the summer crops and sowing of winter crops in the major production zone (MPZ) of Western Europe. Overall, crop conditions were below average in most parts of this MPZ. The agroclimatic and agronomic indicators show warmer-than-usual conditions and a rainfall deficit in the early part of summer and colder-than-usual conditions and above-normal precipitation in the late growing season (Figure 2.6).
Significant spatio-temporal differences in precipitation were observed between different countries but the MPZ as a whole recorded above-average RAIN (+11%). The detailed characteristics of the temporal and spatial changes of precipitation in different countries were as follows: (1) During the whole monitoring period, 33 percent of MPZ areas experienced a situation where the precipitation fluctuated around the average. This was the case for northern Spain, northern and southeastern Italy, eastern Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria and Hungary. (2) Before mid-August, in early to mid-September and in mid-October, poor precipitation was observed in more than 70% of the areas (northern Italy, most of France, United Kingdom and Denmark, northern, western and southern Germany) with the most severe shortfalls in Denmark (RAIN -11%). However, frequent and excessive rainfall was observed during the period of mid-August, late September and early October in the southern United Kingdom, western, southwestern and eastern France, and northern Italy. Countries that experienced significant above-average precipitation included the Czech Republic (+39%), Hungary (+39%), Slovakia (+39%), Austria (+328%), Italy (+15%) and the United Kingdom (+12%). Due to the rainfall deficit, flowering and grain filling for the summer crops were negatively impacted, while the harvest season of summer crops coincided with frequent rainfall. Therefore, the crop yields in the Western European Major Production Zone (MPZ) need to be paid attention to.
Temperature for the MPZ as a whole was slightly above average (TEMP +0.1°C), and sunshine was below average with RADPAR down 4%. Most areas experienced warmer-than-usual conditions, while below average temperatures occurred mostly in early to mid-July, late August and early September, and late September to mid-October. The spatial distribution of temperature profiles indicates that two warm spells swept across Europe in early to mid-August and in mid-September.
Due to excessive precipitation in mid-August and early October, and unfavorable sunshine, the biomass accumulation potential was 2% below average. Significant BIOMSS departures (-20% and less) occurred in UK, Denmark and north of Germany, and scattered over other countries. In contrast, BIOMSS was above average (sometimes exceeding a 20% departure) over the east of France, south-eastern Italy, and south of Spain. The average maximum VCI for the MPZ reached 0.90.
More than 89% of arable land was cropped, which is 1% below the recent five-year average. Most uncropped arable land was concentrated in Spain and southeastern Italy, with patchy distribution in other countries. The VHI minimum map shows that France, Germany and Spain were most affected by severe drought conditions. Cropping intensity (107%) was down 2% compared with the five-year-average across the MPZ.
Generally, crop conditions were below average in most parts of this MPZ and the crop yields need to be paid attention to.
Figure 2.6a. Western Europe MPZ spatial distribution of rainfall profiles (left) and profiles of rainfall departure from average (mm) (right), July-October 2020
Figure 2.6b. Western Europe MPZ spatial distribution of temperature profiles (left) and profiles of temperature departure from average (℃) (right), July-October 2020
Figure 2.6c. Western Europe MPZ maximum VCI, July-October 2020
Figure 2.6d. Western Europe MPZ cropped and uncropped arable land, July-October 2020
Figure 2.6e. Western Europe MPZ biomass accumulation potential departure, July-October 2020
Figure 2.6f. Western Europe MPZ VHI minimum, July-October 2020
Figure 2.6g. Western Europe MPZ cropping intensity, November 2019-October, 2020