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Authors: 超级管理员 | Edit: zhuliang
Afghanistan
Wheat, maize and rice are the main cereals that are grown in Afghanistan. The sowing of spring wheat starts in March and April and harvest is in August and September. Maize sowing starts in May and harvest is in August. Likewise, rice sowing starts in May/June and harvest is in October/November.
During this reporting period, the total precipitation in Afghanistan was lower than the 15Y maximum and 2019-2020's rainfall but it still was 29% above the 15YA. However, there was some unseasonal rainfall in mid July (12 mm) and in late August (15mm). Temperature trended slightly below the 15YA. Biomass was estimated to be 17% higher than the 15YA.
Based on the NDVI crop condition development graph, crop conditions were above average and almost equal to the 5-year maximum in all major regions. The cropped arable land was mainly located in Badghis, Faryab, Jawzjan, Sari Pul, Balkh, Samangan, Kunduz, Takhar, Badakhshan, Baghalan and Nuristan. The cropped arable land fraction (CALF) increased by 46% over the 5YA. According to the maximum vegetation condition index (VCIx) map, the vegetation in the south was better than in the north. As to the spatial distribution of NDVI profiles, crop conditions in most of the area (62%) were above average or close to average from July to October. The most favorable crop conditions, 11.9% of the area, were identified mainly in the north of Afghanistan (Kunduz and Samangan provinces) and South-East (Khost, Paktya, Kunar provinces). About 37.9% the crop conditions were below average, mainly in the northern part of Jawzjan.
Overall, the conditions for wheat and maize were favorable in the study area.
Regional analysis
CropWatch subdivides Afghanistan into four zones based on cropping systems, climatic zones, and topography. They are described below as Dry region, Central region with sparse vegetation, Mixed dry farming and irrigated cultivation region, and Mixed dry farming and grazing region.
The RAIN in the Central region with sparse vegetation was 28 mm (+14%). The TEMP was 14.3°C (-0.6°C), and RADPAR was 1410 MJ/m2 (+3%). According to the NDVI-based crop condition development graph, the NDVI was higher than the average level and almost equal to the 5 year maximum. Potential biomass increased by 12%, CALF had increased substantially (+72%) and VCIx was 0.91. The cropping intensity increased by 4%. Crop production is expected to be favorable.
The Dry region recorded 27 mm of RAIN (+19%). TEMP was 20.8°C (-0.7°C) and RADPAR was 1449 MJ/m2 (-3%). CALF was 122% higher than the 5YA. VCIx was 0.57 and the potential biomass increased by 23%. According to the crop condition development graph, the NDVI was higher than the maximum level recorded over the past 5 years.
In the Mixed dry farming and irrigated cultivation region, the following indicator values were observed: RAIN 91 mm (+41%); TEMP 16.4°C (-1.3°C); RADPAR 1369 MJ/m2 (-4%). Potential biomass was 262 gDM/m2 (+27%) and CALF was 27% above the average. According to the NDVI-based crop condition development graph, NDVI was higher than the average level, but lower than the 5 year maximum. In this reason VCIx reached 0.84 and cropping intensity was closed to average. Crop production is expected to be favorable.
The Mixed dry farming and grazing region recorded 0.54 mm of RAIN (-94%), TEMP was lower than average at 18.8°C (1.6°C), and RADPAR was 1440 MJ/m2 (-3%). According to the NDVI-based development graph, crop conditions were better than the five-year average but lower than the 5 year maximum. CALF in this region increased by 159% and VCIx reached 0.62.
Figure 3.1. Crop condition in Afghanistan, July- October 2020
a) Phenology of major crops
b) Time Series Temperature Profile
c) Time series rainfall profile
d) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI
e) Spatial distribution of NDVI profiles
f) Maximum VCI
g) Potential biomass departure from 5YA
h) Time series PAR profile
ia) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI (Central region with sparse vegetation)
ib) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI (Dry region)
ic) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI (Mixed dry farming and irrigated cultivation region)
id) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI (Mixed dry farming and grazing region)
Table 3.1. Afghanistan’s agroclimatic indicators by sub-national regions, current season's values and departure from 15YA, July to October 2020
name | RAIN | TEMP | RADPAR | BIOMSS | ||||
Current (mm) | Departure (%) | Current (°C) | Departure (°C) | Current (MJ/m2) | Departure (%) | Current (gDMd/m2) | Departure (%) | |
Central region with sparse vegetation | 29 | 14 | 14.4 | -0.6 | 1411 | -4 | 221 | 12 |
Dry region | 27 | 19 | 20.8 | -0.7 | 1449 | -3 | 171 | 13 |
Mixed dry farming and irrigated cultivation region | 91 | 41 | 16.4 | -1.3 | 1369 | -4 | 262 | 27 |
Mixed dry farming and grazing region | 0.54 | -94 | 18.8 | -1.6 | 1440 | -3 | 77 | -0.35 |
Country All Index | 49 | 29 | 18.1 | -1.2 | 1410 | -3 | 180 | 17 |
Table 3.2. Afghanistan’s agronomic indicators by sub-national regions, current season's values and departure from 5YA, July to October 2020
Name | Cropped arable land fraction | Maximum VCI | |
Current (%) | Departure (%) | Current | |
Central region with sparse vegetation | 10 | 72 | 0.91 |
Dry region | 6 | 122 | 0.57 |
Mixed dry farming and irrigated cultivation region | 13 | 27 | 0.66 |
Mixed dry farming and grazing region | 0.65 | 159 | 0.62 |
Country All Index | 8 | 46 | 0.63 |