Due to the cold weather, no crops were growing in the northeast of China during this monitoring season (October 2020 to January 2021). CropWatch Agroclimatic Indicators (CWAIs) showed that the overall precipitation increased by 13%, and it was significantly above average in early October, mid-November and mid-January and late January. The photosynthetically active radiation decreased by 5%, and temperature increased by about 0.1°C. For the potential biomass, most areas were below the fifteen-year average level in the northeast China. Only a few areas in Jilin and Liaoning were slightly above average level, and the overall potential biomass was 6% below average.

If there are appropriate soil mositure, normal temperature and radiation in the sowing period, they will benefit the emergence and early growth of crops in spring.

Figure 4.7 Crop condition China Northeast region, October 2020 - January 2021

（a） Crop condition development graph based on NDVI

(b) Spatial NDVI patterns compared to 5YA (c) NDVI profiles

(d) Time series temperature profile

(e) Time series rainfall profile

(f) Maximum VCI

(g) Potential biomass departure from 15YA