Rice is the major crop in Thailand; the harvest of the first crop started in September and will last into December. The second rice matures from April to June. In addition, the first crop of maize normally starts in May and matures in August and September; the second maize is a short-cycled crop grown in the same regions (September to December).  According to Agro-Climatic and agronomic indicators, rains and biomass decreased by 10% and 9%, respectively. RADPAR was sightly above the average value. There was little change in temperature and CALF.

As shown in Figure （a）,  the national NDVI curve was below the past five years' average from January to July, reaching its minimun in July (about 0.45),  then increasing and reaching average from August. Below-average rain in May is the major reason for the NDVI fluctuation, which delayed the sowing of the main season rice. However, favourable rains in early July stimulated crop growth, which may offset the effect o