The monitoring period is the harvesting of Rabi and planting of Kharif crops. Severe floods damaged the crops in many states. Mostly affected regions were Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Arunachal Pradesh. The crop condition development was below average over the monitoring period and reached a record minimum in the month of June. The maximum VCI values were below 0.5 for most of the states, confirming poor crop condition. The NDVI values remained favorable for the Northeast region, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, and West Bengal. Over central India, the NDVI profiles dropped sharply in the end of April and recovered in mid-May, dropping again from early June. In the rest of the regions, the NDVI fell in the end of April and somewhat recovered mid-May. The rainfed biomass accumulation potential was 8% above the five-year average and could be linked to the 20% excess rainfall over the country, mainly in the following states: Assam (RAIN, +20%), Bihar (+17%), Chhattisgarh (+36%), Haryana (+36%), Maharashtra (+31%), Madhya Pradesh (+75%), Manipur (+43%), Nagaland (+25%), Rajasthan (+94%), Arunachal Pradesh (+13%), Tamil Nadu (+36%), Andhra Pradesh (+54%), Tripura (+9%), Uttarakhand (+24%), Uttar Pradesh (+39%), and West Bengal (+5%). However, low rainfall was measured in some states like Gujarat (RAIN, -18%), Goa (-30%), Kerala (-26%), Orrisa (-18%), and Punjab (-20%). The crop arable land fraction (CALF) dropped by -12 percentage points compared to the five-year average. Temperature (TEMP) was average, while radiation (RADPAR) was -3% below. Overall, assessed crop condition is poor and the expected reduced output is mainly due to the excess rainfall, flooding, and decreased area of cultivated land.

(a) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI                                                 (b) Maximum VCI

(c) Spatial NDVI patterns compared to 5YA                                                                          (d) NDVI profiles