Wet areas

Sahel to Central Asia

The largest rainfall anomalies, at the national level, occur in a large area identified in chapter 1 as “Sahel to Central Asia.” This includes Mauritania (RAIN, +156%, equivalent to 411 mm) and Niger (+73%, 379 mm) in the western Sahel, as well all other countries that are part of the West African Sahel from Senegal (+16%) to northern Sudan (+58%).For most countries, the rainfall supply marks an early and favorable start of the rainy season. In the very east of the “climatic Sahel,” some slightly negative RAIN anomalies can be seen for Somalia (-3%) and Ethiopia (-5%). In Ethiopia,however, a positive CALF (+5%), an average BIOMSS index, and a favorable VCIx indicate that major production areas are recovering.

湿润区

萨赫勒至中亚

        国家尺度降水最为反常的地区主要发生在第一章提及的萨赫勒撒哈拉至中亚地区。主要包括：毛里塔尼亚(+ 156%，约411 mm毫米)和萨赫勒撒哈拉西部的尼日尔(+ 73%，379 mm毫米)及西非萨赫勒从塞内加尔(+ 16%)至苏丹北部(+ 58%)的部分国家。对于大多数国家来说，降水预示着充沛雨季的到来。而萨赫勒撒哈东部的部分地区则降水偏少：索马里和埃塞俄比亚分别偏降低约3%和5%。在埃塞俄比亚的耕地种植比例面积增加约5%，伴随着平均水平的潜在生物量以及较好的VCIx，预示着该国主产区作物长势正处于恢复中产量将会回升。

The Near East (Israel, RAIN, +75% and Jordan,+159%) and the Arabian Peninsula come next with precipitation excesses from 60%to 120% in Qatar, Yemen, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia. In Egypt, although RAIN isat +71%, there is a marked drop in CALF (-9%) and a moderate VCIx value, nodoubt associated with unfavorable irrigation conditions. For almost all listedcountries, however, rainfed crop agriculture plays a minor role in theireconomy, and the rainfall is of relevance mainly for range-lands. The same alsoapplies to Central Asia (less so for Kazakhstan) where the following RAINanomalies are reported: Tajikistan +47%, Kazakhstan +71% (CALF +5%), Uzbekistan+82%, and Turkmenistan +115%. In Kyrgyzstan, RAIN of +119% over average wasrecorded, which corresponds to 539 mm of precipitation, an amount that iswelcome in the late growth stages of winter crops and a useful supply of waterfor the Ferghana valley in Kyrgyzstan and neighboring countries. Much of the“Sahel to Central Asia” region had below average sunshine of -5% to -10%, withmoderate temperature anomalies in the order of 0.5°C. The biomass productionpotential is mostly up by at least 40%.

降水异常的区域其次为近东地区（例如以色列伊朗和约旦分别偏高增加75%和159%）和阿拉伯半岛大部分国家（卡塔尔、也门、科威特和沙特阿拉伯）降水均较充沛，这些国家的降水与平均水平相比，增幅在60-120%之间。在埃及，即使降水偏高增加71%，但耕地种植比例面积下降约9%且 VCIx值适中，这肯定与较差的灌溉条件有关。并且未发生农业灾害，表明该国灌溉情况较差。对于所有提到的国家来说，雨养农业对其只占国内经济影响很小的一部分，因此降雨一般只影响山地种植业。这种情况在中亚也很普遍，塔吉克斯坦、哈萨克斯坦（耕地种植比例偏高5%）、,乌兹别克斯坦+ 82%和土库曼斯坦的+ 115%。在降水分别偏高增加+ 47%、+ 71%(耕地增加+ 5%)、82%和115%。在吉尔吉斯斯坦，降水量为539 mm，与平均水平相比，偏高,+ 119%，为历史最高值，对生长末期的冬小麦生长有利，且为。已经达到降水，因此吉尔吉斯斯坦及其他费尔干纳娜河谷周边国家的作物提供了有效的水源补给该国冬小麦长势喜人。同时，大部分萨赫勒撒哈拉至中亚大部分地区的光合有效国家太阳辐射偏降低约5-10%，并且温度偏离平均值在波动约0.5°C以内。，从而导致潜在生物量累积偏高增加至少40%以上。

Eastern West and South Asia, southeastSouth America, and parts of North America

Other wet areas were reported fromeastern West Asia and South Asia, southeast South America, and parts of NorthAmerica. This includes, in particular, much of central eastern China (exceptShandong and Henan). For China as a whole, CALF is close to average at -1% andVCIx is favorable at 0.94, while the RAIN departure is +36%. The largestexcesses, however, occurred in the western areas bordering Central Asia. In thewest, anomalies larger than 60% are reported from Beijing, Qinghai, Shanghai,Hebei, Jiangxi, Shanxi, and Zhejiang. Corresponding RADPAR and TEMP anomaliesare modest and the associated BIOMASS increases mostly close to +10%.

西东亚东西部与以及南亚、东南及南美东南部以及北美部分美国北部地区

其他降江水充沛的地区包括产品你个东西亚东西部及南亚，东南及南美东南部，和北美美国北部部分地区。尤其是中国中东部地区（除山东和河南外）。对于整个中国而言，耕地种植比例面积降低约1%，并且VCIx在0.94，表明无农业灾害发生。降水增加36%。降水偏高60%以上的过于反常的区域包括：北京、青海、上海、河北、江西、山西和浙江。同时，光合有效辐射及温度基本不变，因此，潜在生物量累积增加约10%。

In southern Asia, the RAIN index of 798mm for India (+20%) hides a large disparity of sub-national conditions: AndhraPradesh (+54%), Madhya Pradesh (+75%), and Rajasthan (+94%), but Gujarat at-18% and Goa at -30%. Bangladesh had above average RAIN of +7% with 1520 mm andPakistan +15% with 248 mm. The Indian CALF value drops by a spectacular 12%,accompanied by a VCIx of 0.70, indicating the negative impact of excess rainfall.Bangladesh and Pakistan display rather large differences in CALF (0% and -8%respectively) associated, in the case of Pakistan, with large sub-nationaldisparities in crop condition.

亚洲南部地区，印度降水偏高增加约20%这一数据掩盖了次级区域间的差异局部地区的异常：安德拉邦(+ 54%),中央邦(+ 75%)和拉贾斯坦邦(+ 94%)的降水均较平均水平偏高,但古吉拉特邦和果阿的降水分别减少-18%和-18%。缅甸降水增加7%，达到1520mm，而巴基斯坦增加15%达到248mm。印度的耕地种植比例更低面颊下降明显，达到12%，而VCIx约0.7，表明由于过量降水导致洪涝灾害发生。孟加拉国缅甸和巴基斯坦耕地则不变或略有降低。

The largest RAIN anomalies in SouthAmerica cover Argentina (311 mm or +46% above average nationwide for the RAINindicator, with a 5% drop in CALF resulting from water logging) and Uruguay(797 mm or +89%). The area of interest is included in the contour from Uruguay to Salta and Jujuy in the west (+32% and +55%, for moderate rainfall amounts of82 mm and 73 mm at the end of the summer season), to Mendoza (+158% with 159mm) and Buenos Aires (+12% with 244 mm), providing good moisture supply forwinter crops. One of the main agricultural provinces (Entre Rios) records 652mm, equivalent to +111%. The other CropWatch agroclimatic indices follow anunusual pattern of high temperature departures associated with low sunshine;this points at high cloudiness, which is often characterized by limitedevapotranspiration and water logging. However, altogether, conditions areconducive to winter crops, especially wheat.

北美降水最为异常的国家包括则发生在阿根廷（偏高增加46%，达到311mm，而5%耕地减少）、乌拉圭（797mm，+89%）。乌拉圭的西部萨尔他和jujuy地区降水增加30%和55%，门多萨与159毫米(+ 158%)和布宜诺斯艾利斯(+ 12%与244毫米，这对于冬季作物十分有利。Cropwatch农业气象指标显示，温度较平均水平偏高，而太阳辐射减少，表明该地区云量较大，预示着较低的ET与水分运移。然而，这对于冬小麦等冬季作物格外有利。

In North America (RAIN, +8% in theUnited States), wet conditions prevailed mainly from Texas (RAIN, +45%) toNorth Dakota (+55%) and neighboring states, extending west all the way to thePacific coast except for New Mexico (average with -9%), Washington (-24%), andOregon (-30%).

在北美美国北部（美国降水偏高8%），降水充沛的地区主要包括德克萨斯州（+45%），北达科塔州北部，及相邻诸州，向西延伸至太平洋岸边。而新墨西哥州(平均为-9%)、美国(-24%),和俄勒冈州(-30%)等地降水均较平均水平偏低，

Dry areas

Other areas in North America with dryconditions include parts of the eastern Corn Belt (Michigan, RAIN -27%; Ohio-22%), extending also east as far as Maine and Nova Scotia (both at -41%), andsouth to include Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia with RAIN deficits between-10% and 20%. Altogether, CropWatch puts the CALF value for the United Statesat average (+1% with VCIx=0.88).

北美的其他地区则较干旱，包括玉米带东部（密歇根-27%，俄亥俄-22%）向东延伸至缅因州和新斯科舍(均-41%),向南延伸包括密西西比、阿拉巴马和乔治亚，均减少10-20%之间。Cropwatch监测表明，美国全国耕地面积增加约1%。

In South America, southern equatorialBrazil (including the Nordeste) recorded some severe water shortages (RAIN,-50% to -80%), especially in Alagoas, Bahia, Goias, Piaui, Rio Grande do Norte,Sergipe, Ceara, and Espirito Santo. States in the south with marked deficitsinclude Minas Gerais (-42%) and Mato Grosso (-38%). Temperature in Brazil wasmostly well above average (+2°C) and more, which was accompanied by a sunshineincrease over average around 5%. The resulting CALF variation for the countryis a 9% drop nationwide with a moderate VCIx of 0.79.

北国南部向南至巴西则显示出严重的干旱（降水下降约50-80%），尤其是在阿拉戈斯,巴伊亚戈亚斯、Piaui北里奥格兰德,塞尔希培,西阿拉,圣埃斯皮里图。与标记赤字包括米纳斯吉拉斯州南部(-42%)和马托格罗索州(-38%)。巴西国内温度略有增加(+2°C)，并且太阳辐射增加5%，而耕地面积降低9%。

Among the Mediterranean countries, astrong west-east RAIN anomaly gradient varies from -47% (Morocco) to -1%(Algeria) to +24% (Tunisia), which is thus part of the “Sahel to Central Asia”block, making Morocco and Spain (-24%) stand out as an isolated group ofdrought affected areas.

地中海附近则存在明显的东西向降水异常区：-47%(摩洛哥)至-1%(阿尔及利亚)至+ 24%(突尼斯)。而这些国家也属于萨赫勒撒哈拉至中亚地区的一部分。因此，使得摩洛哥及西班牙不同于其他地区而成为受干旱影响的区域。降水降低则显得尤为突出怪异。

Two larger drought affected areas alsodeserve mentioning:

• Southern Africa. In Southern Africa, all countries exceptZimbabwe (RAIN, -1%) were dry and hot, in particularly Namibia (-41% and 26 mm)and Botswana (-63% with 17 mm), two countries where livestock plays a muchlarger role in agriculture than crops. The cropping sector is more relevant inSwaziland (RAIN, -61% with 34 mm) and Mozambique (RAIN -30%, 70mm) andespecially Madagascar (RAIN down 30% to 133 mm).

• Eastern Asia. In eastern Asia, a region centered aroundthe Korean Peninsula (a 40% or just under 40% RAIN deficit) and extending fromthe Primorsky Krai in Russia to Heilongjiang and Japan with deficits just shortof 20% was affected by drought.

  此外还有两个值得关注分析的干旱区

  非洲南部地区：非洲南部地区除出津巴布韦降水基本不变外，均格外的炎热干燥，特别是纳米比亚(降水偏低41%,26毫米)和博茨瓦纳(偏低63%和17毫米)，而这两个国家农业占国内经济比重较低，而斯威士兰(雨、-61%和34毫米)和莫桑比克(雨-30%,70毫米),特别是马达加斯加(偏低雨下跌30%，133毫米)等地，农业则显得尤为重要。

  东亚：亚洲东部，包括朝韩半岛（-40%）、俄罗斯库页岛省滨海Krai、黑龙江和日本等地均受旱严重。

  Finally, someisolated areas with unusual conditions include:

  最后，一些独立的异常区域

• Syria, with a -44% RAIN index and a BIOMSS indicator of31% below average;

• 叙利亚降水减少44%，而潜在生物量减少31%

• Iran, a deficit “island” (-23% RAIN) in the ratherfavorable “Sahel to Central Asia” area. The water shortage is likely to havebeen compensated in terms of production by a large increase in CALF (+26%);

  伊朗，处于雨量增加区，而降水减少23%。雨量减少带来的减产可能与耕地增加26%相互抵消

• Russia, with a dry pocket (recording -30% RAIN) centeredaround the region of Perm, with this dry area extending to adjacent areas inthe south from Sverdlovsk (-11%) and Bashkiria (-26%) to the Kostroma Oblast(-11%);

  俄罗斯降水减少30%，干旱区主要集中在perm，并向南方延伸，包括斯维尔德洛夫斯克(-11%)、巴什基里亚Bashkiria(-26%)和科斯特罗马Kostroma州(-11%);

• Malawi, in Southern Africa with 200 mm rainfall in thelate season (RAIN, +45%);

• Continental south-east Asia and the Philippines, with apositive RADPAR anomaly. With the exception of Cambodia where CALF dropped 7percentage points under just fair conditions, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, andthe Philippines all report CALF values identical with the previous five years;

• 非洲南部马拉维降水反而增加

• 亚欧大陆东南部那不地区和包括菲律宾光合有效辐射偏高太阳辐射一场。柬埔寨气候条件正常，而耕地减少7%。而泰国太过、越南、印尼及菲律宾耕地种植比例与近5年平均水平持平面积较往年也有较大变化。

• Much of western Europe, with a negative RADPAR anomaly.CALF values are average in the region (France, German, and Great Britain) aswell as in the eastern areas of the continent (Poland, Romania, and Ukraine),but dropping to -3% in Russia.

  西欧的大部分地区光合有效太阳辐射也异常偏低。法、德、英以及波兰、罗马尼亚、乌克兰等国耕地种植比例处于平均水平均无太大变化，而俄罗斯耕地种植比例降低3%。