During the monitoring period, the harvest of the rainy season maize in Java and Sumatra, and of the main rice was completed. It was followed by planting of the secondary rice and dry season maize.

The proportion of irrigated cropland in Indonesia is only 14.3% and rainfall conditions play a decisive role for most crops. CropWatch agroclimatic indicators show that the precipitation (RAIN -2%) was below average, while temperature (TEMP +0.2°C) and radiation (RADPAR +4%) were slightly above the 15YA, resulting in an increase of the BIOMSS by 4% compared with the 15YA.

NDVI clusters and profiles show that for 58.2% of the cropland, which was located in Palembang, Java and Semarang, the southeast of Sumatra, the western and southern of Kalimantan, the southern of Sulawesi, and Ambon, crop conditions were close to average and even higher than the 5YA in July. The crop conditions on 41.8% of arable land were below average in late-April and early-June respectively, but returned to normal in July.

Considering that all the arable land in Indonesia was cropped (CALF 100%), and the VCIx value was 0.95, the crop conditions are anticipated to be above average. The CPI index of all regions in Indonesia is greater than 1, and the agricultural production situation is good.

Regional analysis

The analysis below focuses on four agro-ecological zones, namely Sumatra (92), Java (90, the main agricultural region in Indonesia), Kalimantan and Sulawesi (91) and West Papua (93), among which the former three are the most relevant for crop cultivation. The numbers correspond to the labels in the VCIx and NDVI profile maps.

In Java, precipitation (RAIN +17%), temperature (TEMP +0.2°C) and radiation (RADPAR +2%) were all above the 15YA, resulting in an increase of BIOMSS (BIOMSS +11%). The NDVI development graphs show that crop conditions were close to average. Crop conditions in this region are anticipated to be above the average.

According to the agroclimatic conditions of Kalimantan and Sulawesi, precipitation (RAIN -1%) was below the 15YA, but temperature (TEMP +0.3°C) and radiation (RADPAR +4%) were above the average, which caused an increase in the potential biomass production (BIOMSS +4%). The NDVI development graphs show that crop conditions were below average. Overall, crop conditions in this region are expected to be slightly above the average.

In the Sumatra region, precipitation (RAIN +2%), temperature (TEMP +0.2°C) and radiation (RADPAR +1%) were all above the 15YA, which led to an increase in the potential biomass production by 4% compared to the 15YA (BIOMSS +4%). The NDVI development graphs show that crop conditions were below average in April, but close to average at other times. Crop conditions in Sumatra are assessed as to be above average.

Figure 3.19. Indonesia’s crop condition, April - July 2022

(a). Phenology of major crops

(b) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI

(c) Maximum VCI

(d) Spatial NDVI patterns compared to 5YA                                                                              (e) NDVI profiles

(f) Rainfall profiles

(g) Temperature profiles

(h) Dynamic change of area proportion of different drought grades from April to July 2022

(i) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI (Java)

(j) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI (Kalimantan-Sulawesi (left) and Sumatra (right))

Table 3.29 Indonesia’s agroclimatic indicators by sub-national regions, current season's values and departure from 15YA, April – July 2022

Table 3.30 Indonesia’s agronomic indicators by sub-national regions, current season’s values and departure from 5YA, April –July 2022