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Authors: 超级管理员 | Edit: zhuliang
The reporting period covers the main growing period of winter crops and the planting of early maize and rice. The situation in South America is variable, with adverse conditions mainly in Argentina and in the north of MPZ, and near normal conditions for the rest of the MPZ.
Spatial distribution of rainfall profiles showed five different patterns. Center and South of Argentina showed no anomalies at the beginning of the reporting period and negative anomalies at the end (light green profile). The north of the MPZ, including states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goias, Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo in Brazil, showed also no anomalies at the beginning, and stronger negative anomalies at the end (red profile). This pattern was also found in North Chaco in Argentina and part of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. A pattern with strong positive anomalies in mid-July and beginning of August and slight negative anomalies since mid-August was observed in South Mesopotamia in Argentina, North of Uruguay and South of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil (orange profile). A pattern with high variation in anomalies, presenting negative anomalies during July, end of August and end of October, and positive anomalies at the beginning of July and end of September, was observed in North Mesopotamia in Argentina and Santa Catarina and Paraná states in Brazil. Lastly, a pattern located in East Paraguay and West of Paraná state in Brazil (dark green profile) showed negative anomalies during July and positive anomalies during August, September and October.
Temperature profiles showed five homogeneous patterns located in a North South gradient. The north of the MPZ, including the sates of Mato Grosso, Goias and Minas Gerais in Brazil showed positive anomalies during July and beginning of August and since September. The dark green profile, located mostly in Mato Grosso do Sul and Sao Paulo in Brazil showed positive anomalies during July and beginning of August, negative anomalies in mid-August and September and again positive anomalies at the end of October. The orange profile was observed for East Paraguay, North Mesopotamia in Argentina and in Paraná State, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. It showed positive anomalies during July and negative anomalies during the rest of the period, with stronger values in September and October. The light green profile was observed in North Pampas, Subtropical Highlands, Chaco and South Mesopotamia in Argentina, Uruguay and South Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. It showed high variability, with positive values at the beginning and end of July and negative values at mid-July, and during the rest of the reporting period. Lastly, Center and South Pampas showed a pattern with periods of positive and no anomalies, with stronger positive anomalies at the end of July, mid-September and beginning of October.
BIOMSS showed strong negative anomalies in most of the region, mainly in Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goias, Minas Gerais Sao Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul states in Brazil, and in North Subtropical Highlands, Chaco and most of Pampas in Argentina. Slight negative and positive anomalies were observed in Mesopotamia in Argentina, East Paraguay and Santa Catarina and Paraná states in Brazil and most of Uruguay. It generally coincided with rainfall departure patterns.
CALF index was at 82%, 9% lower than 5YA. The CALF map showed several uncropped areas in East Subtropical Highlands, West Chaco and Center and West Pampas in Argentina, probably due to a delay in planting of summer crops. The north of the MPZ (Mato Grosso and Goias states in Brazil) showed also uncropped areas but in a much lower magnitude.
Maximum VCI was at 0.72, and the VCIx map showed poor conditions in most of Argentina: Humid Pampas, Chaco and Subtropical Highlands where sowing of summer crops were delayed due to the below-average rainfall. The north of Brazilian agricultural area (Mato Grosso and Goias states) showed also poor VCIx value as suffering from drought. The regions from Parana to Rio Grande Do Sul received above-average rainfall, benefitting early stage of summer crops. VCIx map showed those regions at good conditions with values in general higher than 0.8, especially for the Panara River Basin where water can be easily accessed for irrigation.
Cropping intensity value for the whole MPZ was 131, four percent higher than the 5YA. The Cropping intensity map showed areas with only one crop per year in West Pampas, West Chaco and Subtropical Highlands in Argentina, as well as in East Paraguay, and West Mato Groso de Sul, Sao Paulo, South of Minas Gerais and South of Rio Grande do Sul states in Brazil. The rest of the area showed an intensity of two crops per year.
In summary, several indices showed poor conditions for most of Argentina (Pampas, Chaco and Subtropical Highlands), showing low values for BIOMSS, VCIx and CALF, and drought conditions considering VHI minimum. The north of the Brazilian agricultural area, mainly Mato Grosso and Goias showed in a lesser extent poor conditions for several of these indices.
Figure 2.3 South America MPZ: Agroclimatic and agronomic indicators, July to October 2022
(a) Spatial distribution of rainfall profiles
(b) Spatial distribution of temperature profiles
(c) Cropped and uncropped arable land
(d) Potential biomass departure from 5YA
(e) Maximum VCI
(f) Cropping intensity