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Authors: 超级管理员 | Edit: zhuliang

The period from July to October covers the harvest of wheat in August. The harvest of  soybean and maize started in September in the Saint Lawrence Basin. The sowing of winter wheat started in September. According to agroclimatic indicators, Canada experienced warmer weather in this period. The overall conditions in this region were close to the five-year average.


The temperature and radiation were above the 15-year average by 1.3°C and 3%, respectively. Nevertheless, the reduction of rainfall (RAIN -21%) led to a decrease in potential biomass (BIOMSS -11%). According to the rainfall profile, the deficit of precipitation mainly occurred at the beginning of September and October. At that time, wheat and canola in the Prairies had already reached maturity. Maize in the Saint Lawrence basin was close to maturity as well. Hence, these rainfall deficits, accompanied by a drop to below the 5YA of NDVI, had no negative impact on crop yields. The temperature profile indicates that the temperature was mostly above average and even reached the 15-year maximum in September and October. 


According to the NDVI cluster map, the crop condition was close to average but gradually dropped below average in October, which accounted for 40.1% of cropped land and mostly located in the south of Ontario and patches in Saskatchewan. For 31.4% of total cropped land (marked as yellow and blue), located in the south of Saskatchewan and Alberta, the crops were below average after August. In regions accounting for 20% of the total cropped area, the crop condition was above average but deteriorated to below average in October, mainly in the south of Saskatchewan. For the rest of the regions, accounting for 8.5% of the total cropped area, crop conditions were above average during the beginning of August and the end of September.  For the whole year, the crop intensity is 100%, with a decrease of 1% when compared with the 5YA. The national maximum VCI value was 0.93, while CALF was slightly above average (CALF +1%). Considering the crop production index (CPI) was 1.15 during this monitoring period and the fact that the rainfall deficit occurred after most crops had reached maturity, the overall conditions of the summer crops in Canada are assessed as slightly above average.


Regional analysis 

The Prairies (area identified as 53 in the crop condition clusters map) and Saint Lawrence basin (49) are the major agricultural regions in Canada.

 

 The Prairies are the main food production area in Canada. The major crops in this region are winter wheat and spring wheat, as well as canola and sunflowers. The weather was drier and warmer than the 15YA. The rainfall was significantly below average (RAIN 170 mm, -30%), while the temperature and radiation were slightly above average (TEMP +1.9℃; RADPAR +3%). According to the rainfall profile in the Prairies, rainfall was significantly below average across the whole monitoring period except for the beginning of July, middle of September and end of October. The deficit of rainfall led to a below-average potential production (BIOMSS -15%). However, the total amount of rainfall was still 170 mm, which basically could meet crop water requirements. In addition, rainfall had been above average in the previous monitoring period (April to July). The below-average crop conditions in late September had no impact on crop yields, as crops had reached maturity by then. All in all, crop production can be assessed as slightly above average in this region.


The conditions in the Saint Lawrence basin were significantly warmer (TEMP +2.2°C) and drier (RAIN -26%) than the 15YA, while radiation was slightly above average (RADPAR +6%) and the potential BIOMSS suffered a 10% reduction. However, the deficit of rainfall occurred in July, the start of September, and October. The rainfall basically met crop water requirements during the major growing season. According to the NDVI development graph, crop conditions had reached average levels in August and September. Accordingly, production is estimated as average as well. 



Figure 3.12 Canada's crop condition July-October 2022

(a). Phenology of major crops

(b) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI  (c) Maximum VCI


(d) Spatial NDVI patterns compared to 5YA   (e) NDVI profiles



(f) Rainfall time series                                      (g) Temperature time series 

(h)Time-series rainfall profile  in Prairies       (i) Time-series rainfall profile in Saint    Lawrence   basin

(j) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI (Canadian Prairies region (left) and Saint Lawrence basin region (right))


Table 3.15. Canada's agroclimatic indicators by sub-national regions, current season's values and departure from 15YA,  July-October 2022


RAINTEMPRADARBIOMSS
RegionCurrent     (mm)Departure       from 15YA (%)Current     (°C)Departure       from 15YA (°C)Current (MJ/m2)Departure       from 15YA (%)Current       (gDM/m2)Departure       from 15YA (%)
Saint    Lawrence   basin        283        -26       11.9         2.2        981           6        584        -10
Prairies        170        -30       15.1         1.9        994           3        555        -15

Table 3.16. Canada agronomic indicators by sub-national regions, current season's values and departure, July-October 2022


CALFCropping   IntensityMaximum              VCI
RegionCurrent(%)Departure            from 5YA (%)Current    (%)Departure    from 5YA (%)Current
Saint      Lawrence   basin          98         -            92          -9       0.82
Prairies          98           1          99          -1       0.76