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Authors: 超级管理员 | Edit: zhuliang
The current monitoring period covers the monsoon season, during which the main rice crop (Kharif) is grown. It is planted at the beginning of monsoon in June and harvested in October. Other major crops grown during this monitoring period are maize and soybean. Rabi wheat sowing started in late October. The graph of NDVI development shows that the crop conditions were below average in general, except in August.
The CropWatch agroclimatic indicators show that nationwide, TEMP and RADPAR were above average (+0.1°C and +6% respectively), whereas RAIN was slightly below the 15YA (-11%). The increased TEMP and RADPAR compensated for the low rainfall, resulting in a BIOMSS increase by 8% compared with the 15YA. The overall VCIx was high, with a value of 0.93. As can be seen from the spatial distribution, only the Northwestern region recorded values below 0.80 and most of India had high VCIx values. These spatial patterns of VCIx were thus generally consistent with those of NDVI. The southern and northern regions showed above-average crop conditions while the conditions were slightly below average in the central regions. The spatial distribution of NDVI profiles shows that 21.4% of the areas showed below-average crop conditions in the central regions throughout the monitoring period. From late July to early September, 78.6% of the areas showed average or above-average crop conditions in northern and southern regions. CALF increased by 1% compared to the 5YA. The CPI was 1.11 indicating that the agroclimatic indicators were generally favorable.
Regional analysis
India is divided into eight agro-ecological zones: the Deccan Plateau (94), the Eastern coastal region (95), the Gangetic plain (96), the Assam and north-eastern regions (97), Agriculture areas in Rajasthan and Gujarat (98), the Western coastal region (99), the North-western dry region (100) and the Western Himalayan region (101).
The three agro-ecological zones of the Eastern coastal region, the Gangetic plain and Assam and north-eastern regions showed similar trends in agricultural indices. Compared to the same period of previous years, RAIN was below average, especially in the Gangetic plain (-38%), but the TEMP and RADPAR were above average, resulting in a BIOMSS that was above the 15-year average. CALF was above average in all of the three regions. The cropping intensity was average, indicating cropland utilization rate was normal. The graph of NDVI development shows that the crop growth was close to or above the 5-year average in most of the period. It is worth noting that the sharp drop in October in the Eastern coastal region was caused by cloud cover in the satellite images. The CPI was above 1.10 indicating that the crop production situation was expected to be near average.
The Deccan Plateau and the Agriculture areas in Rajasthan and Gujarat regions showed similar trends in agricultural indices. Compared to the same period of previous years, RAIN and RADPAR were slightly above average, but TEMP was slightly below average. The BIOMSS was above the 15-year average benefitting from abundant rainfall. CALF was above average. The cropping intensity was average, indicating cropland utilization rate was normal. The graph of NDVI development shows that the crop growth of the two regions was close to or above the 5-year average in most of the period. It is worth noting that the sharp drop in July in these two regions was caused by cloud cover in the satellite images. The CPI was above 1.10 indicating that the crop production situation was near average.
The Western coastal region recorded 1392 mm of RAIN, which was slightly below average. TEMP was close average (-0.3°C), and RADPAR was above the 15YA (+4%). BIOMSS was above the 15YA (+8%) benefit from abundant sunshine. CALF was 99% which was higher than the 5-year average, and VCIx was 0.93. The cropping intensity was average, indicating cropland utilization rate was normal. The graph of NDVI development shows that the crop growth of this region during the monitoring period was below the 5-year average in most of the period. Cloud cover in the satellite images caused the sharp drop in July. The CPI was 1.14 indicated that the crop production situation was expected to be below average.
The North-western dry region recorded 807 mm of RAIN, which was significantly above the average (+108%). TEMP was significantly below average (-1.6°C), and RADPAR was slightly below the 15YA (-5%). BIOMSS was significantly above the 15YA (+41%) benefitting from abundant rainfall. CALF was 67% which was a significant increase over the 5-year average (+57%), and VCIx was 1.06. The cropping intensity was average, indicating cropland utilization rate was normal. The graph of NDVI development shows that the crop growth of this region during the monitoring period was above the 5-year average in most months, and even above 5-year maximum in August and September. The CPI was 1.47 indicating that the crop production situation was expected to be above average.
The Western Himalayan region recorded 537 mm of RAIN, which was significantly below average (-41%), whereas TEMP and RADPAR were above average (+1.5°C, +2%). BIOMSS was significantly below the 15YA (-7%) due to the low rainfall. CALF was 99% which was the same as the 5-year average, and VCIx was 0.95. The cropping intensity was average, indicating cropland utilization rate was normal. The graph of NDVI development shows that the crop growth of this region during the monitoring period was close to or below the 5-year average. The CPI was 1.13 indicating that the crop production situation was expected to be close to average.
Figure 3.20 India's crop condition, July - October 2022
(a) Phenology of major crops
(b) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI
(c) Maximum VCI
(d) Spatial NDVI patterns compared to 5YA (e) NDVI profiles
(f) Rainfall profiles
(g) Temperature profiles
(h) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI (Deccan Plateau (left) and Eastern Coastal Region (right))
(i) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI (Gangetic Plains (left) and Assam and north-eastern regions (right))
(j) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI (Agriculture areas in Rajasthan and Gujarat (left) and Western Coastal Region (right))
(k) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI (North-western dry region (left) and Western Himalayan Region (right))
Table 3.31. India’s agroclimatic indicators by sub-national regions, current season's values and departure from 15YA, July - October 2022
Region | RAIN | TEMP | RADPAR | BIOMSS | ||||
Current (mm) | Departure from 15YA (%) | Current (°C) | Departure from 15YA (°C) | Current (MJ/m2) | Departure from 15YA (%) | Current (gDM/m2) | Departure from 15YA (%) | |
Deccan Plateau | 1179 | 7 | 25.3 | -0.1 | 1109 | 5 | 1466 | 12 |
Eastern coastal region | 987 | -6 | 26.8 | 0.4 | 1164 | 5 | 1362 | 2 |
Gangatic plain | 951 | -18 | 27.5 | 0.2 | 1181 | 5 | 1383 | 5 |
Assam and north-eastern regions | 1537 | -38 | 24.4 | 0.6 | 1108 | 21 | 1444 | 1 |
Agriculture areas in Rajastan and Gujarat | 1080 | 9 | 26.6 | -0.8 | 1093 | 2 | 1328 | 15 |
Western coastal region | 1392 | -2 | 23.7 | -0.3 | 1008 | 4 | 1369 | 8 |
North-western dry region | 807 | 108 | 29.1 | -1.6 | 1158 | -5 | 1145 | 41 |
Western Himalayan region | 537 | -41 | 20.1 | 1.5 | 1233 | 2 | 824 | -7 |
Table 3.32. India’s agronomic indicators by sub-national regions, current season's values and departure from 5YA, July - October 2022
Region | CALF | Cropping Intensity | VCI | ||
Current (%) | Departure from 5YA (%) | Current (%) | Departure from 5YA (%) | Current | |
Deccan Plateau | 99 | 0 | 132 | 8 | 0.93 |
Eastern coastal region | 96 | 3 | 124 | 11 | 0.90 |
Gangatic plain | 98 | 1 | 197 | 14 | 0.92 |
Assam and north-eastern regions | 96 | 1 | 143 | 1 | 0.93 |
Agriculture areas in Rajastan and Gujarat | 97 | 3 | 147 | 12 | 0.91 |
Western coastal region | 99 | 3 | 127 | 19 | 0.93 |
North-western dry region | 67 | 57 | 137 | 6 | 1.06 |
Western Himalayan region | 99 | 0 | 130 | 13 | 0.95 |