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Authors: 超级管理员 | Edit: zhuliang
Maize is the most important crop grown in Mexico. In the rainfed production regions of the country, maize reached maturity in September and October. The sowing of irrigated maize started in September. Its main production region is in Sinaloa, in the northwest. Winter wheat sowing begins in November. Both soybean and rice reached maturity by the end of this reporting period.
The CropWatch agroclimatic indicators show that RAIN (-12%) and RADPAR (-3%) were below average, and TEMP was normal, compared with the 15-year average. Accordingly, BIOMSS decreased by 7%. CALF was 91% and had increased by 1%. The VCIx was 0.88.
The RAIN in July was significantly less than the average, and more than half of Mexico was still in a drought state. The northern state of Nuevo León was experiencing a severe water shortage and was the most seriously affected state. After August, the RAIN reached average levels. As shown in the spatial NDVI profiles and distribution map, only 13.1% of the total cropped areas were above average during the entire monitoring period, mainly distributed in the Northwest region, including Sonora. 13.7% of the cropped areas were significantly below average, mainly distributed in the Northeast region. The crop growth in about half of the cropped areas was at an average level. Additionally, the NDVI departure in 21.8% of the total cropped areas changed from negative to positive during the monitoring period. The Crop Production Index was 1.15.
According to the VCIx spatial patterns, very high values (greater than 1.0) occurred mainly in northwestern Mexico. Extremely low values (less than 0.5) occurred in the northeastern Mexico, mainly in Nuevo León and Tamaulipas.
In addition, although the drought situation has eased since August, the Cropping Intensity had declined. This maybe due to the previous drought, since only 34.9% of the cropland are under irrigation. Thus, the crop conditions were not as favorable as last year. The crop condition development graph based on NDVI also confirmed this.
Regional analysis
Based on cropping systems, climatic zones and topographic conditions, Mexico is divided into four agro-ecological regions. They include the Arid and semi-arid region (128), Humid tropics with summer rainfall (129), Sub-humid temperate region with summer rains (130) and Sub-humid hot tropics with summer rains (131). Regional analyses of crop conditions provide more details for the production situation in Mexico.
The Arid and semi-arid region, located in northern and central Mexico, accounts for about half of the cropped areas in the country. The agro-climatic condition showed that RAIN decreased by 18%, TEMP decreased by 0.1 °C and RADPAR decreased by 4%. According to the NDVI development graph, crop condition in this zone was worse than last year in July and August and was above average after August. CALF increased by 4% compared with the 5YA. This region was most severely affected by the drought in Mexico. VCIx was only 0.85. The Cropping Intensity of this region was 103.
The region of Humid tropics with summer rainfall is located in southeastern Mexico. RAIN was above average (+5%). TEMP (-0.3 °C), RADPAR (-5%) and BIOMSS (-1%) were below the 15 year average. As shown in the NDVI development graph, crop conditions were slightly below average. CALF was 100%. The increased RAIN brought some relief from the drought. The VCIx (0.91) confirms that crops grew better in this zone than in other regions. The Cropping Intensity of this zone was 107.
The Sub-humid temperate region with summer rains is situated in central Mexico. According to the NDVI development graph, the crop condition has been below the average level during the monitoring period. The CropWatch agroclimatic indicators show that RAIN decreased by 32%, TEMP increased by 0.5 °C, RADPAR increased by 1%, and BIOMSS decreased by 10% compared to the 15YA. CALF was 97%, and VCIx for this zone was 0.87. The Cropping Intensity of this region was 106.
The region called Sub-humid hot tropics with summer rains is located in southern Mexico. During the monitoring period, crop conditions were below average as shown by the NDVI time profiles. Agro-climatic conditions were below average levels, including RAIN (-12%), RADPAR (-1%) and BIOMSS (-6%). CALF was 96%. The Cropping Intensity and VCIx for the zone were 110 and 0.91, respectively.
Figure 3.5 Mexico’s crop condition, July-October 2022
(a). Phenology of major crops
(b) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI (c) Maximum VCI
(d) Spatial NDVI patterns compared to 5YA (e) NDVI profiles
(f) Rainfall profiles (g) Temperature profiles
(h) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI (Arid and semi-arid regions (left) and Humid tropics with summer rainfall (right))
(i) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI (Sub-humid temperate region with summer rains (left) and Sub-humid hot tropics with summer rains (right))
Table 3.52 Mexico’s agroclimatic indicators by sub-national regions, current season’s values and departure from 15YA, July - October 2022
Region | RAIN | TEMP | RADPAR | BIOMSS | |||||
Current (mm) | Departure (%) | Current (°C) | Departure (°C) | Current (MJ/m2) | Departure (%) | Current (gDM/m2) | Departure (%) | ||
Arid and semi-arid regions | 600 | -18 | 22.5 | -0.1 | 1250 | -4 | 978 | -9 | |
Humid tropics with summer rainfall | 1345 | 5 | 24.5 | -0.3 | 1202 | -5 | 1439 | -1 | |
Sub-humid temperate region with summer rains | 840 | -32 | 19.2 | 0.5 | 1232 | 1 | 1053 | -10 | |
Sub-humid hot tropics with summer rains | 1089 | -12 | 22.5 | 0.2 | 1216 | -1 | 1221 | -6 |
Table 3.53 Mexico’s agronomic indicators by sub-national regions, current season’s values and departure from 5YA, July - October 2022
Cropped arable land fraction | Cropping intensity | Maximum VCI | |||
Current (%) | Departure (%) | Current (%) | Departure (%) | Current | |
Arid and semi-arid regions | 83 | 4 | 103 | -1 | 0.85 |
Humid tropics with summer rainfall | 100 | 0 | 107 | -4 | 0.91 |
Sub-humid temperate region with summer rains | 97 | -1 | 106 | 0 | 0.87 |
Sub-humid hot tropics with summer rains | 96 | 0 | 110 | -1 | 0.91 |