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MozambiqueMain producing and exporting countries

Authors: 超级管理员 | Edit: zhuliang

National analysis

In Mozambique, crop production is mostly affected by rainfall variability. During this monitoring period (July-October), the sowing of rice and maize for the main agricultural season started in late October. It lasts up to the end of November. Meanwhile, in the central and northern regions, the sowing of major crops is expected to start in November. However, delays in rainfall in these regions may lead to delays in sowing which will have direct impacts on the total grain production. Compared to the average of the past fifteen years, the national agroclimatic indicators show that the total recorded rainfall decreased by 43% while temperature increased by about 0.3ºC. The recorded Photosynthetic Active Radiation was 1273 MJ/m2, an increase of 4% compared to the past fifteen years' average. The drops in rainfall and the increases in temperature influenced the total biomass production, which decreased by about 9% compared to the average of the past fifteen years.

Even with the above-reported agroclimatic indicators, the national crop development profile based on NDVI reveals better crop conditions as compared to the same period in 2021 and the average of the past five years, with values of vegetation conditions index close to 1, particularly in the province of Zambezia, Inhambane, Gaza and Tete. These conditions are also indicated by the NDVI clusters in which, only 10% of the country area recorded below-average crop conditions compared to the past five years. The areas with unfavourable crop conditions are centred in the province of Cabo Delgado, which may have been caused by the military conflicts in the region because farmers had to leave their fields. Despite the military conflicts in Cabo Delgado, the total cropped arable land fraction increased by 4%, with about-average cropping intensity. For this period, the maximum recorded VCIx was 0.93.

Regional Analysis

Based on the national cropping system, topography and climate, CropWatch has subdivided Mozambique into five agroecological zones (AEZs) including the Buzi basin (140), Northern High-altitude areas (141), Low Zambezi River basin (142), Northern coast (143), and the Southern region (144).

Regionally, similar patterns were observed in all the agroecological zones, in which the agroclimatic indicators reveal decreases in rainfall in all regions, with the Northern high-altitude areas, Buzi basin and the Lower Zambezi River basin recording decreases above 50% (RAIN -69%, -66% and -58%, respectively) when compared to the departures from the fifteen years' average. Except for the Northern coast, where the temperature decreased by 0.1ºC, all the zones recorded increases on this indicator, with the temperature in the Buzi basin increasing by 1ºC. In all regions, RADPAR increased. These increases vary from 3% on the Northern coast to 6% in the Southern region. The total biomass dropped in all the agroecological regions, with drops by more than 10% being observed in the Low Zambezi River basin and Northern-high altitude area (both with a 12% drop) and the Buzi basin (with a 14% drop).

Compared to the average of the past five years, the regional crop conditions development graph based on NDVI indicates favourable crop conditions in all agroecological zones during almost the entire reporting period, with drops in crop conditions being verified in late October. For all the agroecological regions, the cropped arable land fraction recorded increases. The highest increases in CALF were observed in the Northern-high altitude areas, Low Zambezi River Basin and the Southern Region with increases of 11%, 9% and 6% respectively. The cropping intensity decreased by 2% and 1% in the Buzi basin and Northern high-altitude areas and it increased by 2% and 1% in the Low Zambezia River basin and Southern Region. On the Northern coast, the cropping intensity was near the average of the past five years. 



Figure 3.32. Mozambique's crop condition, July-October 2022

(a) Phenology of major crops


(b) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI                        (c) Maximum VCI


(d) Spatial NDVI patterns compared to 5YA                (e) NDVI profiles


(f) National time-series rainfall profiles                                                     (g) National time-series temperature profiles


(h) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI-Buzi basin (left), and Northern high-altitude areas (right)


(i) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI-Lower Zambezi River basin (left), and Northern coast region (right)


(j) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI-Southern region

k) National Cropping Intensity


Table 3.55. Mozambique’s agroclimatic indicators by sub-national regions, current season's values and departure from 15YA, July - October 2022

Region

RAIN

TEM

RADPAR

BIOMSS

Current

Departure from 15YA (%)

Current (ºC)

Departure from 15YA (ºC)

Current (MJ/m2)

Departure from 15YA (%)

Current (gDM/m2)

Departure from 15YA (%)

Buzi basin

24

-66

20.6

1.0

1273

4

415

-14

Northern high-altitude areas

14

-69

21.7

0.0

1244

4

403

-12

Low Zambezia River basin

28

-58

22.6

0.4

1242

3

448

-12

Northern coast

43

-43

22.8

-0.1

1213

4

488

-10

Southern region

75

-19

22.6

0.9

1125

6

511

-3

Table 3.56. Mozambique's agronomic indicators by sub-national regions, current season’s values and departure from 5YA, July - October 2022

Region

CALF

Cropping Intensity

Maximum VCI

Current (%)

Departure from 5YA (%)

Current (%)

Departure from 5YA (%)

Current

Buzi basin

97

1

100

-2

0.95

Northern high-altitude areas

91

11

100

-1

0.90

Low Zambezia River basin

80

9

103

2

0.91

Northern coast

98

1

100

0

0.90

Southern region

98

6

101

1

0.99