This reporting period began in April and ended in July, covering the harvest period for winter wheat, the sowing and early to mid growth period for maize and soybean, and the grain filling period for spring wheat. The strong heterogeneity of agro-climatic conditions has resulted in diverse crop growth situations.

The agro-climatic conditions in North America are slightly unfavorable, with below-average rainfall and radiation (RAIN -14%, RADPAR -2%) and above-average temperatures (TEMP +0.2°C), resulting in below-average potential biomass (BIOMSS -8%). The temperature cluster analysis showed that temperatures wer above average in the Canadian Prairies and Northern Plains. From late May to mid-June, temperatures were 3-4°C above the 15-year average, favoring crop growth and development. However, the Corn Belt and Southern Plains experienced significant temperature variability, with a peak of warmer than usual weather in April followed by a sharp temperature drop. Temperatures were below average from late May to late June.  The rainfall cluster showed that rainfall was below average in the U.S. Corn Belt, Lower Mississippi River, and Plains regions. The reduction was most pronounced in the May to June period. The reduction in rainfall and lower temperatures during key growth stages slowed crop growth and development, resulting in potential biomass below the 15-year average. The VHI minimum indicated soil moisture deficits in the Corn Belt and Plains, with corresponding potential biomass 10-20% below average. The VCIx was 0.90, and the CALF was 2% above the 5-year average. 

During the previous reporting period, northern Texas and Kansas had below average rainfall. Conditions improved to some degree, although the precipitation patterns in that regions were variable. 

In short, CropWatch has assessed close to average crop conditions in the Southern Prairies, Plains, and Corn Belt regions. 

Figure 2.2 North America MPZ: Agroclimatic and agronomic indicators, April to July 2023.

a. Spatial distribution of rainfall profiles

b. Spatial distribution of temperature profiles

c. Cropped and uncropped arable land

d.Potential biomass departure from 15YA 

e. Maximum VCI

f. VHI Minimum