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South and Southeast AsiaCrop and environmental conditions in major production zones

Authors: 超级管理员 | Edit: tianfuyou

The South and Southeast Asia MPZ includes India, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. This monitoring period covers the harvesting period of winter crops (wheat, dry season rice) in India and Bangladesh, along with the sowing period and the growing period of summer crops (rainy season rice, maize, and soybean) in the entire MPZ.

According to the agroclimatic indicators, the accumulated precipitation was below the 15YA (RAIN -6%), while the RADPAR and the temperature were above the average (RADPAR +3%, TEMP +0.3), resulting in an increase in the potential biomass production (BIOMSS +2%). Compared with the 5YA, the CALF decreased by 5% to 75%. The VCIx of the MPZ was 0.83, indicating that the crops were growing well.

The spatial distribution of rainfall profiles shows that the precipitation deficit for 8.3% of the MPZ grew larger over time. Eastern India and southern Myanmar were mostly affected by it. The proportion of cropland in that region is relatively low. The lack of moisture, therefore, had a relatively small impact on food production at the national level.  The precipitation for 12% of the MPZ (central and western India) was significantly above the 15YA in late June. On around 14.9% of the MPZ (southeastern and northwestern India), heavy precipitation occurred in late July, leading to flooding disasters. Throughout the monitoring period, the precipitation in 64.7% of the MPZ (northeastern and southern India and Southeast Asia) was close to the average.

According to the spatial distribution of temperature profiles, the average temperature in 6.3% of the MPZ (Nepal, western Myanmar, and western Thailand) was significantly above the 15YA throughout the monitoring period. The average temperature in 35.7% of the MPZ (Southeast Asia) was slightly above the 15YA. The average temperature in 20.2% of the MPZ (northwestern India) was below the 15YA during the monitoring period but slightly above the average in mid-April and mid-May. The average temperature in 37.8% of MPZ (India) fluctuated around the average.

The BIOMASS departure map displays that the potential biomass in the southeastern and northwestern parts of India was 20% greater than the historical average for the same period, whereas the potential biomass in the southwestern part of India and northern Myanmar was below the average level. The Maximum VCI shows that the index was lower than 0.5 in the western parts of India and some scattered regionswhich was related to cropland being left fallow or late planting of rice  (uncropped areas in Fig. 2.4e). The index was higher than 1.0 in northwestern India, which indicated that crop condition was better than the 5-year maximum. The VHI Minimum map shows that most of the MPZ was temporarily impacted by drought, except for southern and western India and some scattered regions. 

The CALF map indicates that a significant portion of the region was planted, except for central and western India and northern Myanmar.

In general, some parts of India had been affected by high rainfall, leading to the delay of seeding, but the overall crop conditions in the MPZ were expected to be favorable.


Figure 2.4 South and Southeast Asia MPZ: Agroclimatic and agronomic indicators, April 2023 to July 2023.

a.Spatial distribution of rainfall profiles  b.Profiles of rainfall departure from average (mm)

c.Spatial distribution of temperature profiles  d.Profiles of temperature departure from average (mm)

e.Cropped and uncropped arable land

f.Potential biomass departure from 5YA

g.Maximum VCI

h.VHI Minimun