This monitoring period covers the harvest period of summer crops and the sowing period of winter crops. In general, the agroclimatic indicators in this MPZ were close to average, with lower precipitation (ΔRAIN -10%), higher temperature (ΔTEMP +1.4℃), and higher RADPAR (ΔRADPAR +3%), as compared to the 15YA.

According to the spatial distribution map of rainfall departures, the precipitation in most areas of the MPZ in central Europe and western Russia fluctuated around the mean during the monitoring period. The specific spatial and temporal distribution characteristics were as follows: (1) In early July, 20.2% of the MPZ received above-average precipitation  (ΔRAIN +70 mm); in mid to late July, 41.8% of the MPZ, mainly in western Russia, had precipitation levels that were mostly consistent with the area's mean precipitation. (2) From early August to late August, 87.6% of the MPZ received below-average precipitation, mainly in the central part of the MPZ in western Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, and eastern Poland; the eastern and western regions of the MPZ (accounting for 12.4% of the MPZ) experienced significant precipitation fluctuations. (3) From early September to late September, the precipitation in the entire MPZ was below-average (ΔRAIN -20 mm). (4) From late September to mid-October, the precipitation in the MPZ increased, with a decrease in precipitation in the southern part of Russia and some areas (accounting for 12% of the MPZ) starting from mid-October. The southern part of Russia, southern Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, and northeastern Hungary (accounting for 25.6% of the MPZ) had precipitation levels that were below average from early July to late October.

According to the average temperature departure map, temperatures in the MPZ varied significantly during the monitoring period. The specific spatial and temporal characteristics were as follows: (1) From early July to mid-July, 36% of the MPZ had above-average temperatures, mainly in Belarus, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, western and central Ukraine, and eastern Austria; from the late July to early August, 36% of the MPZ had below average temperature. (2) From mid-August to late September, although the temperatures in the MPZ fluctuated, there was an overall significant increase, reaching the highest distance level during the monitoring period (ΔTEMP +6.2℃). (3) From late September to late October, the temperatures in the MPZ all decreased, but 59.5% of the areas were higher than the average temperature. (4) Except for the period from late July to early August when Belarus, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, western and central Ukraine, and eastern Austria were below the average temperature, the temperatures in the rest of the monitoring period had above-average temperatures.

The CropWatch agronomic indicators show that most of the arable land in the MPZ was planted, with a CALF value of 96% (1% above average), and the uncultivated arable land was scattered mainly in southeastern Russia and southern Ukraine. The potential biomass in the MPZ was lower than the average of the last 5 years (ΔBIOMSS -5%). The areas with a 10% higher potential biomass were mainly located in southeastern Russia and the southwestern part of the MPZ. Affected by localized drought or war conditions, areas with more than 20% lower potential biomass were mainly located in southern and central Russia, southern Ukraine, central Moldova, central Romania, and parts of the Czech Republic.

The VCIx showed a significant spatial difference in the MPZ, with an average value of 0.84. The regions below 0.8 were mainly located in southeastern Russia, southern Ukraine, Moldova, eastern and southern Romania, eastern Hungary, south-western Slovakia, and most of Poland. The VHI minimum map shows that the severe drought areas were mainly located in the Southern and Eastern regions of the MPZ. Cropping intensity was 120%, which was 2% higher as compared to the five-year average across the MPZ.

Overall, CropWatch agroclimatic and agronomic indicators indicate that crop growth was expected to be slightly below average during this monitoring period.

                                     a. Spatial distribution of rainfall profiles                                                                                              b. Profiles of rainfall depature from average(mm)

                                     c. Spatial distribution of temperature profiles                                                                                     d. Profiles of temperature depature from average(℃)

                               e. Cropped and uncropped arable land                                                                                       f. Potential biomass departure from 5YA

                                       g.VHI Minimum                                                                                                                              h. Maximum VCI