From January to April, the harvest of the main rice was completed, while the rainy season maize in Java and Sumatra was still growing between January and February, and the harvest started in March.

CropWatch agroclimatic indicators show that radiation (ΔRADPAR -3%) was below the 15YA, but precipitation (ΔRAIN +18%) and temperature (ΔTEMP +0.6°C) were both above average, which keeps the potential biomass production (ΔBIOMASS +1%) slightly above the 15YA.

NDVI clusters and profiles show that crop conditions in all the cropland were significantly below the 5YA in mid-March but there was a slight recovery in late April. However, the sharp drop in mid-March was most likely due to cloud cover in the satellite images. The area of cropped arable land (CALF 100%) in Indonesia was close to the 5YA and the VCIx value was 0.94. The Crop Production Index (CPI) in this country was 0.99. Overall, crop conditions can be assessed as average.

Regional analysis

The analysis below focuses on four agroecological zones, namely Sumatra (92), Java (90), Kalimantan and Sulawesi (91), and West Papua (93), among which the first three are most relevant to crop cultivation. Java is the main agricultural region in Indonesia. The numbers correspond to the labels on the VCIx and NDVI profile maps.

According to the agroclimatic conditions of Java, radiation (ΔRADPAR +0%) was close to the 15YA, but precipitation (ΔRAIN +8%) and temperature (ΔTEMP +0.7°C) were above average, which may have resulted in higher potential biomass production (ΔBIOMSS +1%) than the 15YA. The NDVI development graphs indicate that crop conditions were close to average. The Crop Production Index (CPI) in Java was 0.98, crop production was normal.

In the Kalimantan and Sulawesi regions, radiation (ΔRADPAR +0%) was close to the 15YA, but precipitation (ΔRAIN +7%) and temperature (ΔTEMP +0.7°C) were both above average, which resulted in an increase in the potential biomass production (ΔBIOMSS +1%). The NDVI development graphs show that crop conditions were above the 5-year maximum from January to mid-February but slightly below the 5YA from mid-March to April. The Crop Production Index (CPI) in Kalimantan and Sulawesi was 0.99, crop productions conditions were assessed as average.

In Sumatra, radiation (ΔRADPAR -9%) was below the 15YA, but temperature (ΔTEMP +0.5°C) was above average, and precipitation (ΔRAIN 52%) was significantly above average, which may have resulted in higher potential biomass production (ΔBIOMSS +4%). The NDVI development graphs show that crop conditions were above the 5-year maximum in January and February and were close to the 5YA after early March. The Crop Production Index (CPI) in Sumatra was 0.99, and crop production was assessed as average.

Figure 3.20 Indonesia's crop condition, January 2024 - April 2024

(a) Phenology of major crops

(b) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI

(c) Maximum VCI

(d) Spatial NDVI patterns compared to 5YA             (e) NDVI departure profiles

(f) Rainfall profiles

 (g) Temperature pofiles

(h) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI (Java)

(i) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI (Kalimantan_Sulawesi)

(j) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI (Sumatra)

Table 3.31 Indonesia's agroclimatic indicators by sub-national regions, current season's values and departure from 15YA, January 2024 - April 2024

Table 3.32 Indonesia's agronomic indicators by sub-national regions, current season's values and departure from 5YA, January 2024 - April 2024