During the monitoring period, harvest of the rainy season crops was completed in May and planting of dry season maize and second rice started in June and July.

CropWatch agroclimatic indicators show that temperature (ΔTEMP +0.4°C) and precipitation (ΔRAIN +21%) were both above the 15YA, but radiation (ΔRADPAR -6%) was below average. The combined effect keeps the potential biomass production (ΔBIOMSS +0%) close to the 15YA.

According to the national NDVI development graph, crop conditions were slightly below the 5YA during the monitoring period. The NDVI clusters and profiles show that 10.5% of the cropland (West Papua, Central Sulawesi) was below the 5YA from April to mid-June and above the average from end-June to mid-July. However, the sharp drop in mid-May was most likely due to cloud cover in the satellite images. Crop conditions in most of the cropland were slightly below the 5YA during the whole monitoring period, possibly due to the numerous floods in Indonesia caused by the El Niño phenomenon.

The area of cropped arable land (CALF 100%) in Indonesia was close to the 5YA and the VCIx value was 0.92. The Crop Production Index (CPI) in this country was 0.96. Overall, crop conditions can be assessed as close to average.

Regional analysis

The analysis below focuses on four agroecological zones, namely Sumatra (92), Java (90), Kalimantan and Sulawesi (91), and West Papua (93), among which the first three are most relevant to crop cultivation. Java is the main agricultural region in Indonesia. The numbers correspond to the labels on the VCIx and NDVI profile maps.

According to the agroclimatic conditions of Java, temperature (ΔTEMP +0.4°C) was slightly above the 15YA, but precipitation (ΔRAIN -2%) and radiation (ΔRADPAR -2%) were below average, which may result in lower potential biomass production (ΔBIOMSS -4%) than average. The NDVI development graphs indicate that crop conditions were close to or slightly below average. The Crop Production Index (CPI) in Java was 0.94. Due to excessive rainfall and reduced sunlight, the crop production in Java could be slightly below normal.

In the Kalimantan and Sulawesi regions, radiation (ΔRADPAR -5%) was below the 15YA, but precipitation (ΔRAIN +16%) and temperature (ΔTEMP +0.5°C) were both above average, which increased the potential biomass production (ΔBIOMSS +3%). The NDVI development graphs show that crop conditions were close to or below the 5YA during the whole monitoring period. The Crop Production Index (CPI) in Kalimantan and Sulawesi was 0.96, crop production was assessed as average.

In Sumatra, radiation (ΔRADPAR -7%) was below the 15YA, but temperature (ΔTEMP +0.5°C) was above average, and precipitation (ΔRAIN +47%) was significantly above average, which may have resulted in higher potential biomass production (ΔBIOMSS +5%). The NDVI development graphs show crop conditions were close to or below the 5YA. The Crop Production Index (CPI) in Sumatra was 0.96, and crop productions were assessed as close to the average.

Figure 3.20 Indonesia's crop conditions, April 2024 – July 2024

(a) Phenology of major crops

(b) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI 

(c) Rainfall profile

 (d) Temperature pofiles

(e) Maximum VCI

(f) Spatial NDVI patterns compared to 5YA             (g) NDVI departure profiles

(h) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI (Java)

(i) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI (Kalimantan_Sulawesi)

(j) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI (Sumatra)

(k) National CPI time series

Table 3.31 Indonesia's agroclimatic indicators by sub-national regions, current season's values and departure from 15YA, April 2024 - July 2024

Table 3.32 Indonesia's agronomic indicators by sub-national regions, current season's values and departure from 5YA, April 2024 - July 2024