This report includes the entire period from the sowing to the harvesting of summer-rice in the Central part. Spring-winter rice was harvested in May. The cultivating of summer-autumn rice and rainy season rice in the North and Mekong River Delta started in July. They will be harvested in September and October.

The proportion of irrigated cropland in Vietnam is 32%. Therefore, precipitation is an important factor influencing crop production. CropWatch agro-climatic indicators showed TEMP (ΔTEMP +1.5°C) was above the average. However, the RADPAR (ΔRADPAR -2%) and the RAIN (ΔRAIN -12%) were below average, resulting in a decline in BIOMSS (ΔBIOMSS -10%). The VCIx was 0.90, and the CALF (96%, 0%) was at 5YA. The CPI in this monitoring period was 0.96, which indicates slightly below average conditions, caused by the drops in RAIN (ΔRAIN -12%) and RADPAR (ΔRADPAR -2%).

Based on the NDVI development graph, the crop conditions were below the 5YA from April to June and above the 5YA in July. The precipitation was below average during the monitoring period except for the beginning of the month in May, June and July. The temperature was generally above the 15YA in the whole monitoring period. The spatial distribution of the NDVI profiles shows that the NDVI varied greatly. Crop condition in 65.4% of the cropland, located mainly in Nghe An, Long An, Ha Tinh and Ca Mau provinces were generally below average during the whole monitoring period except for a sharp decrease in May, presumeably caused by cloud cover in the satellite images. Crop condition in 34.5% of the cropland (Mainly in Lang Son, Bac Giang, Ha Noi provinces) showed an upward trend in April, followed by a downward trend, and crop condition were generally below average. Spatial clustering in the NDVI anomaly map showed some sharp drops in the NDVI values, most likley caused by cloud cover in the satellite images.  Therefore, crop conditions could be considered as below average at the beginning of this monitoring period. However, they improved to slighly above average by July.

Regional analysis

Based on cropping systems, climatic zones, and topographic conditions, Vietnam can be divided into several agro-ecological zones (AEZ): Central Highlands (213), Mekong River Delta (214), North Central Coast (215), North East (216), North West (217), Red River Delta (218), South Central Coast (219) and South East (220).

In the Central Highlands, RAIN was much lower than 15YA (ΔRAIN -35%), and TEMP was above the 15YA (ΔTEMP +1.4°C), whereas RADPAR (ΔRADPAR -2%) and BIOMSS were below (ΔBIOMSS -17%). CALF was 99%, and VCIx was 0.86. The crop condition development graph based on the NDVI indicated that the crop conditions were mostly below the average in most of the monitoring period except the end of July. The CPI was 0.88. Crop conditions were lower than the average.

In the Mekong River Delta, the TEMP (ΔTEMP +1.5°C) was above the average. The RAIN (ΔRAIN -39%) and RADPAR (ΔRADPAR -8%) were below 15YA. The BIOMASS (ΔBIOMSS -21%) decreased sharply. VCIx was 0.85 and CALF was 83%. According to the NDVI‐based development graph, crop conditions were below the 5YA in most of the monitoring period except at the beginning of June and July. The CPI was 0.95. The crop conditions were expected to be below average.

In the North Central Coast, the TEMP (ΔTEMP +1.4°C) was above the average. And the RADPAR (ΔRADPAR 0%) was as same as the average, The BIOMSS (ΔBIOMSS -7%) was below average, this condition can be attributed to the decrease of RAIN (ΔRAIN -3%). The VCIx was 0.92, and CALF was 99%. According to the crop condition development graph, the NDVI was close the average throughout the whole monitoring period except for late April to early June. The CPI was 0.99. The crop conditions in this region are expected to be below the average due to the impacts of rainfall deficit.

In the North East, the TEMP (ΔTEMP +1.4°C) was above the average. Although the RADPAR (ΔRADPAR -1%) decreased by 1%, the BIOMSS (ΔBIOMSS -2%) still rose by 2%, which may have been caused by the increase in RAIN (ΔRAIN +13%). CALF was 100% and VCIx was 0.95. According to the crop condition development graph, the NDVI was mostly above the 5YA except for late April. The CPI was 1.00. The crop conditions were close to the average.

In the North West, the TEMP (ΔTEMP +1.5°C) and the RAIN (ΔRAIN +9%) were above the average, but the BIOMSS (ΔBIOMSS -2%) was below average, which may have been caused by the drop of RADPAR (ΔRADPAR -2%). CALF was 100% and VCIx was 0.90. According to the agroclimatic indicators, the NDVI was below average in April to May and above average in June to July. The CPI was 0.95. The crop conditions were estimated to be close to the average.

In the Red River Delta, TEMP (ΔTEMP +0.8°C) was above the average. The RADPAR (ΔRADPAR 0%) was consistent with the average, the BIOMSS (ΔBIOMSS 0%) was the same as average. RAIN (ΔRAIN +33%) had a significant increase. CALF was 97% and VCIx was 0.90. According to the agroclimatic indicators, crop conditions were generally near the 5YA during most of the monitoring period except for the sharp drop in April, which may have been caused by the cloud cover in the satellite images. The CPI was 0.99. The crop conditions were normal.

In the South Central Coast, RAIN (ΔRAIN -39%) and RADPAR (ΔRADPAR -1%) were below the average. Although TEMP (ΔTEMP +1.8°C) was above the average, BIOMSS (ΔBIOMSS -16%) was largely below the average. CALF was 97%, and VCIx was 0.92. According to the crop condition development graph, crop conditions were generally below the 5YA during the whole monitoring period but surpassed the average in July. The CPI was 1.05. Crop conditions were expected to be favorable.

In the South East, the RAIN (ΔRAIN -39%) was significantly lower than the 15YA, but  TEMP (ΔTEMP +1.5°C) was above. With the RADPAR (ΔRADPAR -2%) below the average, the resulting BIOMASS (ΔBIOMSS -19%) showed a sharp decrease. CALF was 94%, and VCIx was 0.88. According to the agroclimatic indicators, crop conditions were generally below the 5YA during most of the monitoring period except for July. The CPI was 0.96. Crop production in this region was lower than the 5YA.

Figure 3.45 Vietnam's crop conditions, April 2024 – July 2024

(a) Phenology of major crops

(b) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI

(c) Maximum VCI

 (d) Spatial NDVI patterns compared to 5YA     (e) NDVI profiles

(f) National CPI time series

(g) Rainfall profiles

(h) Temperature profiles

(i) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI Central Highlands Vietnam (left), and Mekong River Delta (right).                 

(j) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI North Central Coast Vietnam (left), and North East Vietnam (right).

(k) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI North West Vietnam (left), and Red River Delta (right).

(l) Crop condition development graph based on NDVI South Central Coast Vietnam (left), and South East Vietnam (right).

Table 3.80 Vietnam's agroclimatic indicators by sub-national regions, current season's values and departure from 15YA, April 2024 – July 2024

Table 3.81 Vietnam's agronomic indicators by sub-national regions, current season's values and departure from 5YA, April 2024 – July 2024