The Global Crop Production Situation Index (CroPI) for March-May 2025 was 1.05, remaining above the baseline, indicating that global crop production conditions were generally slightly better than normal, but with obvious regional differentiation. The CroPI for the Northern Hemisphere was 1.03, while that for the Southern Hemisphere and tropical regions was 1.10 each. This pattern of "stronger south, weaker north" was consistent with the previous monitoring period (January-March), but the overall level increased.

The expansion of global wheat and rice planting areas effectively ensured the stability of global food supply (A1.1). The global total wheat output was 752.34 million tons, an increase of 1.25%. Among them, the planting area of winter wheat in 8 main producing areas in the Northern Hemisphere increased slightly (1.3%), but the yield per unit area decreased by 1.8%, and the total output increased by 0.79% to 548.49 million tons. The planting area of 8 main rice producing countries in South Asia and Southeast Asia increased by 2.35%, but the yield per unit area increased by 1.69%, and the total output increased by 4.08% to 115.82 million tons. Droughts in Ukraine and Romania caused wheat yields per unit area to decrease by 10.6% and 4.2% respectively, and the total wheat output decreased by 3.1%. During the monitoring period, the progress of crop planting in Canada was smooth, with 30.364 million hectares of cultivated land planted, accounting for 63.9%. Affected by the heavy rainfall since May and the drag of the trade situation, the planting progress in the main soybean and corn producing areas in the Midwestern United States was slow, and the sown area was 11% lower than in previous years.

In 2025, China's summer grain output was 145.34 million tons, an increase of 370,000 tons or 0.3% year on year, and the growth rate was significantly slower than that in 2024. The average yield per unit area of winter wheat in the country is expected to be 5,422 kg/ha, a year-on-year decrease of 1.8%, but the planting area increased by 2.2% year on year, supporting the total output to increase slightly by 0.3% to 131.75 million tons, showing the characteristics of "increased area, decreased yield per unit area, and stable total output". Among them, the planting proportion in the Northeast region reached 61.84%, and the crop sowing progress made favorable progress.

The main challenges facing global agricultural production in 2025 are water resource management and drought response. During this monitoring period, the global drought situation generally tended to ease, and the severely drought-stricken areas decreased from 37.7% in March to 21.1% in mid-May. Among them, about 70% of the agricultural areas had temperatures 1.5℃ above normal, about 52% of the areas had precipitation 10% less than normal, and about 28% of the areas had precipitation 30% less than normal, forming a wide range of dry and hot stress. In the spring of 2025, the north-south convection in the mid-low latitude regions was strong, and wind and hail disasters occurred frequently, and the cropland shelterbelt system faced severe protection pressure. Forecasts show that the PDSI (Palmer Drought Severity Index) in the global rain-fed agricultural areas is expected to slow down from moderate drought to light drought from July to August, but the drought in some areas of Western and Central Europe, India and the Indochinese Peninsula is at risk of deterioration. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring and early warning, optimize resource allocation, and improve the climate adaptability and risk resistance of the agricultural system.