This report covers the monitoring period from May to July 2025. Utilizing multi-source satellite remote sensing data, ground observation data, and meteorological data, supported by the CropWatch Cloud Platform, it assesses the global production situation of major grain and oilseed crops in 2025. The report analyzes the impacts of extreme weather events significantly affecting agricultural production, with a focus on the remote sensing monitoring of planted area, yield per unit area, and production of major grain and oilseed crops in eight key countries: China, the United States, Russia, India, France, Canada, Ukraine, and Indonesia. It also includes a review of Northern Hemisphere wheat production and provides predictions for Northern Hemisphere maize and soybean production, as well as rice production in the equatorial region. The main conclusions are as follows:

The global Crop Production Index (CroPI) during the monitoring period was 1.04, remaining above the baseline and reaching the highest level in the past five years. The Northern Hemisphere showed stable growth (CroPI of 1.04), while tropical regions (CroPI of 1.02) remained flat year-on-year. Global cropland water stress risk overall exhibited a "increase then decrease" trend, but the spatial pattern remained relatively stable. High-risk areas for water stress were concentrated in arid and semi-arid regions such as North Africa, West Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Southern Africa, and Australia. Low-risk areas were distributed along the equator and in high-latitude coastal regions of Europe. Medium-risk areas were widely distributed across multiple important grain-producing countries in the temperate climate zones of the mid-to-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (including China, the United States, and Eastern Europe) and in South America. Global drought stress is expected to further alleviate during September-October.

Global total production of major grain and oilseed crops in 2025 is forecasted to be 3,150.74 million tons, an increase of 15.78 million tons year-on-year, up approximately 0.5%. Specifically, global wheat production is estimated at 808.63 million tons, a decrease of 4.46 million tons year-on-year, down 0.5%; maize production is estimated at 1,159.88 million tons, an increase of 2.08 million tons year-on-year, up 0.2%; rice production is estimated at 800.27 million tons, an increase of 10.31 million tons year-on-year, up 1.3%; soybean production is estimated at 381.96 million tons, an increase of 7.85 million tons year-on-year, up 2.1%. Year-on-year production slightly declined for major wheat-producing countries in the Northern Hemisphere, primarily influenced by a reduction in planted area. Expanded maize planted area in key Northern Hemisphere producers contributed to a slight increase in maize production, whereas both planted area and yield per unit area decreased for soybeans. Rice production in the equatorial region increased year-on-year. The impact of extreme weather events on the production of major grain and oilseed crops in 2025 was weaker than in the previous year. Ongoing attention is required regarding the influence of the El Niño/La Niña transition on global precipitation patterns, as well as potential non-climatic shocks to grain markets, such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict and trade policies.

China's grain production situation is favorable. Total annual grain output reached 655.94 million tons, an increase of 2.10 million tons year-on-year, up 0.7%. This includes winter crops output of 145.16 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 0.19 million tons, up 0.1%; early rice output of 28.32 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 0.97 million tons, up 3.5%; and summer crops output is forecasted at 482.46 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 0.94 million tons, up 0.2%.