| Intro |
Drought is a perilous agrometeorological phenomenon
that often causes crop damage in arid and semiarid regions
vulnerable to climate variability. However, accurate drought
monitoring remains deficient in many countries, including Kyrgyzstan,
and the interconnections between several types of drought
and contributions to crop yield are still unclear. Hence, we aimed
to determine the propagation time in three types of drought (meteorological
drought, soil drought, and vegetation drought) for
understanding interconnections of them. Moreover, we focused on
comprehensively evaluation the performance of multiple drought
indices for each type over the complex terrain of Kyrgyzstan,
especially for drought index of synergistic land surface temperature
and vegetation conditions information. The results demonstrated
that standard precipitation index (SPI) effectively detected
meteorological drought, while the vegetation health index (VHI)
coupled with temperature data was optimal for vegetation drought
monitoring in Kyrgyzstan. Furthermore, our findings indicated a
1-month response time for soil drought at a 10 cm depth to SPI,
and a 4-month response time at a 40 cm depth to meteorological
drought (SPI). The response time of VHI to soil drought condition
index (SMCI) was approximately 1 month, regardless of whether
the soil drought occurred at a depth of 10 or 40 cm. In general, the
response time of VHI to SPI was 3 months. Finally, by analyzing the
correlation between crop yield productivity and drought indices,
we discovered that the crop yield predictions by the three types
of drought were differential and complex, but VHI was the most
effective index. At the same time, VHIacc(May–Sep.), SMCIr(0–
40 cm)_May–Sep., and SPI5_Aug. have different contributions to
crop yield variations, and these are also differences in their impacts
on different crops and provinces. The synergistic effect of the three
types of drought may significantly improve crop yield prediction
in Kyrgyzstan in future studies. These findings may significantly
contribute to drought prevention and mitigation in drought-prone
Central Asian countries. |
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