Brazil, the United States, and Argentina consistently rank among the top three global soybean producers. Due to the offset growing seasons between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, this report focuses on soybean production in 2025 in the Northern Hemisphere, specifically in the United States, China, and India, and provides a verification of production in these countries. Overall, the combined soybean production of the three countries is estimated at 170 million tons, slightly down 0.8% from 171 million tons in 2024 (Table 1.2).

In China, supported by policy guidance and generally favorable agri-climatic conditions, total soybean production in 2025 is estimated at 19.15 million tons, up 2.7% year on year. The planting area remains largely unchanged, while average yield rises 2.6% to 1,927 kg/ha. This improvement is mainly driven by  primary soybean-producing region of China Northeast, where favorable weather, well-matched rainfall and temperature, and fewer occurrences of drought or flooding compared to previous years contributed to stable yield increases.

In India, continuous rainfall deficits and unusually high temperatures hindered the grain-filling stage, causing average soybean yield to decline 0.8% year on year. However, the soybean planting area increased 2.3% to 12.596 million hectares. The increase in area more than offset the decline in yield, resulting in a estimated 1.5% growth in total soybean production in 2025.

In the United States, soybean production slightly contracted under the combined pressure of trade developments and local weather fluctuations. The 2025 planting area decreased 2.3% year on year, primarily due to reduced farmer planting incentives following additional tariffs. Central U.S. states experienced alternating drought and localized flooding in June–July; subsequent rainfall and improved agri-climatic conditions allowed average yield to rise slightly to 3,809 kg/ha (+0.8% ). Nevertheless, the reduction in planting area led to a 1.5% decline in total soybean production.

Table 1.2 Soybean Production Forecast in Major Northern Hemisphere Producers (October 2025)