This monitoring period covers the monsoon season in Myanmar. The sowing of maize and wheat started in September and October. The main rice (monsoon rice) was growing between July to September, and started harvesting in October. There was no second rice (summer rice) during this period. Crop conditions were below-average during the monitoring period.

This monitoring period covers the monsoon season in Myanmar. The main rice (monsoon rice) was grown between June and September. Harvest started in October. Planting of maize and wheat started in September and October. Crop conditions were generally below average during the monitoring period.

在监测期内，缅甸正处于季风季节，其中主稻（季风水稻）在7月至9月之间生长，并于10月开始收获，而玉米和小麦在9月和10月开始播种。在监测期间，该国的作物长势低于平均水平。

RAIN (-4%) and RADPAR (-3%) were lower than the 15YA, whereas TEMP (+0.6ºC) was above the 15YA. As a result, potential cumulative biomass (BIOMSS) was 2% below the average, while the utilization of cropland was close to the 5YA. Cropping intensity was also at the level of 5YA.  NDVI values were below average during the entire period except for mid-July and early September. The maximum VCI during this period was 0.92.

与过去15年平均水平相比，累计降水（-4％）和光合有效辐射（-3％）均明显偏低，而平均气温（+0.6ºC）则有所偏高。受农气条件影响，潜在生物量略微偏低2％，耕地种植比例接近近5年平均水平。复种指数也与近5年平均水平持平。除7月中旬和9月初以外，NDVI值在整个监测期内均低于平均水平。监测期内该国的最佳植被状况指数为0.92。

More than half of country’s croplands suffered from below-average crop condition during the period. Negative departures were mainly observed for the Central plain and the Hills region, including Mandalay Region, Magwe Region, south of Sagaing Region and Shan State. 19.7% of cropland showed positive NDVI departures from July to mid-September, whereas 23.2% of cropland was above average in July only. These croplands were mostly located in the Delta and Southern Coast region, including Regions of Yangon, Bago, Ayeyarwady, part of Magwe, Thanintaryi and States of Mon and Kayin. The maximum VCI was less than 0.8 in the central dry zone. Higher values were observed in the other regions.

在监测期内，该国一半以上的耕地的作物长势低于平均水平，这些耕地主要分布在中部平原和山区、包括曼德勒、马圭、实皆南部和掸邦。此外，19.7％的耕地的NDVI距平值在7月至9月中旬为正，23.2％的耕地的NDVI距平值在7月至9月初也显示正值。这些耕地大多位于三角洲和南部沿海，包括仰光、勃固、伊洛瓦底、马圭、德林达依以及孟邦和克钦邦等地区。在中部干旱区域，最佳植被状况指数小于0.8，而在其他地区的值较高。

Regional analysis

Three sub-national agro-ecological zones (AEZ) can be distinguished for Myanmar based on the cropping system, climatic zones and topographic conditions. They are the Central plain, the Hills and the Delta and Southern Coast regions.

区域分析

根据种植系统、气候分区以及地理条件，可将缅甸划分为三个农业生态区域，分别是中部平原、山区以及三角洲和南部沿海。

The Central Plain had a marked rainfall deficit (RAIN -21%), with RADPAR down 1% and TEMP up 1ºC compared to the 15YA. BIOMSS was 1% higher than the 15YA, which was the only increase among the three sub-national regions.  CALF showed that 95% of the cropland was fully utilized,  but it was 2% below the 5YA. NDVI was consistently below the 5YA level during the whole period. The VCIx was 0.89. Crop conditions for this region were unfavorable. 

中部平原累计降水较过去15年平均水平明显偏低（ -21％），光合有效辐射偏低1％，平均气温则偏高1ºC。潜在生物量较平均水平偏高1％，是三个分区中唯一增长的分区。耕地种植比例监测结果显示，95％的耕地得到充分利用，仅比近5年平均水平偏低2％。在整个监测期内，NDVI值始终低于平均水平。最佳植被状况指数为0.89。该分区的作物长势较差。

The Hills region had the highest RAIN (1936 mm) compared with the other two sub-national regions. It was 9% above the 15YA. RADPAR decreased by 5% while TEMP increased by 0.4 ºC. BIOMSS was 3% below 15YA. The cropland was almost fully used (CALF 99%). The NDVI values were generally below the 5YA and near average only in mid-June and October. The VCIx was 0.97. Crop conditions are assessed as below the 5YA level. 

山区的累计降水（1936 mm）为三个分区中最高，且较过去15年平均水平偏高9％。光合有效辐射偏低5％，而平均气温偏高0.4ºC。潜在生物量比平均水平偏低3％。本监测期内的耕地几乎全部种植。 NDVI总体低于平均水平，仅在6月中旬和10月才接近平均水平。最佳植被状况指数为0.97。该分区的作物长势低于平均水平。

The Delta and Southern Coast region experienced a dry monsoon season, with RAIN far below the 15YA (-25%). TEMP increased by 0.3ºC and RADPAR was near average. Estimated BIOMSS was also at the level of 15YA. Since the vast majority of cropland in this region is irrigated, the lack of rainfall had a limited negative impact on crop growth and production. CALF was 1% above the 5YA and VCIx was 0.93. Similar to other sub-national regions, crop conditions in this region were below average.

三角洲和南部沿海在监测期内正处于干燥的季风时期，累计降水远远低于过去15年平均水平（-25％）。平均气温偏高0.3ºC，光合有效辐射则接近平均水平。潜在生物量也处于平均水平。由于该分区绝大部分耕地都有所灌溉，因此降水不足对作物生长和产量的影响很小。耕地种植比例比平均水平偏高1％，最佳植被状况指数为0.93。与另外两个分区类似，该分区的作物长势也低于平均水平。

图 3.30. 2020年7月-10月缅甸作物长势

(a) 主要作物物候历

(b) 基于NDVI的作物生长过程线 

(c) 降水时间过程线

(d) 温度时间过程线

(e) 最佳植被状况指数

(f) NDVI距平空间聚类图（与5年平均相比）   (g) NDVI距平聚类过程线

h) 基于NDVI的作物生长过程线（中部平原（左）和山区（右）)

(i)  基于NDVI的作物生长过程线(三角洲和南部沿海)

表3.51 缅甸农业生态分区2020年7月-10月与过去15年（15YA）同期农业气象指标

表3.52 缅甸农业生态分区2020年7月-10月与近5年（5YA）同期农情指标